A rise in an octave means a doubling of the number of vibrations per second. So something vibrating at 440, will be the same note as 880 The note we call A is an A no matter what octave an A it is. Faster vibrations are higher notes. A group of men and women singing together in unison will sing an octave apart without having to be told to do so. The octave is universal,, in that this perception of the sameness of the note is not based on cultural differences. Monkeys can hear octaves too.
The idea "8" has to do with particular scales or modes having 7 notes and then beginning again on note 8. But even scales with 5 notes begin again on the "octave," or the pitch twice, or half, the original pitch.
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